California spring wildflowers, from the base of the Sierra Nevada and Southern Mountains to the sea

California spring wildflowers, from the base of the Sierra Nevada and Southern Mountains to the sea
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California spring wildflowers, from the base of the Sierra Nevada and Southern Mountains to the sea
Philip A Munz
Manufacturer: University of California Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding

General | Plants | Biological Sciences | Science | Subjects | Books
General | Botany | Biological Sciences | Science | Subjects | Books
ASIN: B0006AX0BA

California Spring Wildflowers: From the Base of the Sierra Nevada and Southern Mountains to the Sea
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California Spring Wildflowers: From the Base of the Sierra Nevada and Southern Mountains to the Sea
Philip A. Munz
Manufacturer: University of California Press: Berkeley and Los Angeles
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000HYYGKE

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California Spring Wildflowers: From the Base of the Sierra Nevada and Southern Mountains to the Sea
Philip A. Munz
Manufacturer: University of California Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding
ASIN: B0000CL228

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California Spring Wildflowers - From The Base Of The Sierra Nevada And Southern Mountains To The Sea
Philip A. Munz
Manufacturer: Univ. Of California Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000IW3HL4

Book Description

A delightful invitation to discover the Northwest's wild creatures on their own terms, with essays and descriptions of over 100 easy-access places to view wildlife as they migrate, court, feed, and tend their young.

El muñeco de trapo de George W. Bush: José Mariá Aznar presentó en México Ocho años de gobierno.(Ocho años de gobierno. Una visión personal de España, ... ministro español): An article from: Siempre!
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El muñeco de trapo de George W. Bush: José Mariá Aznar presentó en México Ocho años de gobierno.(Ocho años de gobierno. Una visión personal de España, ... ministro español): An article from: Siempre!
Bernardo González Solano
Manufacturer: Thomson Gale
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Digital
ASIN: B00082YK56
Release Date: 2006-10-24

Book Description

This digital document is an article from Siempre!, published by Thomson Gale on August 1, 2004. The length of the article is 1652 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: El muñeco de trapo de George W. Bush: José Mariá Aznar presentó en México Ocho años de gobierno.(Ocho años de gobierno. Una visión personal de España, libro de ex primer ministro español)
Author: Bernardo González Solano
Publication: Siempre! (Magazine/Journal)
Date: August 1, 2004
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 51 Issue: 2668 Page: 50(2)

Distributed by Thomson Gale

Book Description

Throughout the compelling true story of Della Raye Rogers, her determination, strength, and faith stand as testaments of the enduring resilience of the human spirit against adversity. For twenty years, Della Raye lived at the Partlow State Asylum for Mental Deficients in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Left there by her uncle in 1929 at the age of four, along with her mother, aunt, and brother, she would know her mother only as another threat the attendants of the institution employed against her. She was subjected to beatings, made to work like a slave, and was given little formal education. Growing up as she did, a small child in a world of people suffering from a variety of mental disabilities, it is amazing that for twenty years she would continue to hope that she would someday be free, that she would continue to fight to be treated with basic respect, and that she would emerge, finally, a whole and vital adult. Della Raye not only continued to hope and to fight, for her trials were not ended with her release, but she learned to forgive those who sought, by intent or by inaction, to destroy her. Della Raye became a beautician and married Floyd Hughes, a widower with five daughters, in 1951. Together they also had two boys, Donny and Butch. She has visited a number of the people who worked at Partlow in nursing homes and hospitals and has remained in contact with many of the people she met during her confinement.

Customer Reviews:

Little Girl Lost.......2007-06-19

Della Raye is only one of hundreds of children from age 2 through age 21 who were shipped off by one or both parents to Partlow who simply did not want to care for them any more. Fortunately she, and others whom I personally know, came through it, although they will never forget the nightmares of being locked in a 4 x 4 room for a month for stealing a piece of cornbread, or worse yet, beging stripped naked and taking turns for showers until all patients in that building were finished. No personal clothing, no books, no radios, or newspapers, when a relative of mine was released after ten years, she did not even know how to dial a phone or how to apply for a job. This book is a true story of one person's hell, replicated thousands of times over at least 50 years, and must be read to be believed. Believe me, it is all true.

In the shadow of Partlow.......2006-12-22

I drive by Partlow every night on my way home from work. As a resident of Tuscaloosa, you sometimes forget that Partlow and Bryce are there. As you head towards the bridge to cross the river, the top of the main building at Bryce is easily seen from afar, and I'm sure visitors to the area probably think it to be an antebellum home. Instead, the sprawling grounds of Partlow and Bryce speak of the sad state of "care" in this state, in the past and in the present. I truly loved this book, and I always hoped after I read it for the first time that I would run in to Della Raye somewhere in town and get to meet her. I know she's gone now, but what a testament she left. I hope many more people will read this story. She never became famous, but she showed courage and perseverence and forgiveness and love to the world, a world that locked her away and demeaned her existence.

An Angel Gets Her Wings.......2003-09-21

On Saturday, September 20th, 2003 @ 3:00AM Della Raye Hughes became one of the most celebrated angels in the Heavens. I love you and will miss you terribly Della Raye. Right now you are probably flitting from angel to angel doing comb outs, setting perms and trimming locks. I wish you well on your journey.I am honored to have known you. Please look down on me from time to time. Lord knows I need all the guardian angel help I can get, oh, and it wouldn't hurt if you put a good word or two in for me (insurance...you know). Thank you for all the inspiration, encouraging words,laughs,long distance hugs and for the trust you placed in me. You will always be in my thoughts with much love and respect.

Four Stars.......2002-12-30

This book is about Della Raye Rogers who at age 4, along with her mother and some other relatives, was committed to the Partlow State School for Mental Deficients in Alabama. It was 1929 and Della Raye's Uncle Richard was too poor to shoulder the burden of caring for himself and his "feeble-minded" relations so he had them institutionalized. At the state school the patients were classified as "morons", "imbeciles" or "idiots". The staff was mostly untrained and uneducated so the "school" was more of an underfunded warehouse for those who were unable to care for themselves. After suffering 20 years of horrifying physical, psychological and emotional abuse, Della Raye was finally released. She found that she not only had the spirit & intelligence to live her life fully, but also the grace to forgive those who had treated her so badly. A heart-warming, inspiring story of the power of love and faith.

God's Grace.......2002-09-10

For a historical look at mental health care this book is a must! And for a Christian testimony it is a must! Only by the grace of God was Della able to survive and then forgive those who had hurt her. Awesome story/testimony!

Memoir for MRS Sullavan 1ST Edition
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Memoir for MRS Sullavan 1ST Edition
Bryna Untermeyer
Manufacturer: SIMON & SCHUSTER @ TRADE
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000Q9RQIY

MEMOIR FOR MRS. SULLAVAN : Cat lovers especially will sense the ring of truth woven throughout.
Average customer rating:
MEMOIR FOR MRS. SULLAVAN : Cat lovers especially will sense the ring of truth woven throughout.
Bryna Ivens Untermeyer
Manufacturer: Simon & Schuster
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding
ASIN: B0000CNBH5

Memoir for Mrs. Sullavan
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Memoir for Mrs. Sullavan
Bryna Ivens Untermeyer
Manufacturer: Simon & Schuster
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000LFRRZK

Product Description

Story of the unusual cat Bryna and Louis Untermeyer owned, named after its giftgiver, the actress Margaret Sullivan.

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Memoir for Mrs. Sullavan
Bryna Ivens Untermeyer
Manufacturer: Simon and Schuster
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000OELI26

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Memoir for Mrs. Sullavan
Bryna Ivens Untermeyer
Manufacturer: iUniverse
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

General | Biographies & Memoirs | Subjects | Books

Memoirs | Biographies & Memoirs | Subjects | Books

General | Animal Care & Pets | Home & Garden | Subjects | Books
ASIN: 0595179193

Book Description

Memoir for Mrs. Sullavan is the delightful story of Mrs. Sullavan , cat of the poet Louis Untermeyer and his wife Bryna, who for twelve years, gave that particular kind of affection which animals and their owners find so mutually gratifying. It is a tale of encounters with butterflies, frogs, Robert Frost, New York apartments, a Connecticut home, Mrs. Sullavan’s amours with other animal members of the family. Cat lovers especially enjoy the pleasure of the warm relationship.

500 Pitchers: Contemporary Expressions of a Classic Form (A Lark Ceramics Book)
Average customer rating:

Awesome Book!

Ceramic "Eye Candy"!

excellent series

A timely arrival

500 pitchers

500 Pitchers: Contemporary Expressions of a Classic Form (A Lark Ceramics Book)
Lark
Manufacturer: Lark Books
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

General | Crafts & Hobbies | Home & Garden | Subjects | Books
Pottery & Ceramics | Crafts & Hobbies | Home & Garden | Subjects | Books
Ceramics | Other Media | Arts & Photography | Subjects | Books
Similar Items:

500 Cups: Ceramic Explorations of Utility & Grace (A Lark Ceramics Book)

500 Animals in Clay: Contemporary Expressions of the Animal Form (A Lark Ceramics Book)

Image Transfer on Clay: Screen, Relief, Decal & Monoprint Techniques (A Lark Ceramics Book)

Making Marks: Discovering the Ceramic Surface

The Figure in Clay: Contemporary Sculpting Techniques by Master Artists (A Lark Ceramics Book)

ASIN: 1579906877

Customer Reviews:

Awesome Book!.......2007-08-01

"500 Pitchers" is my 3rd of the "500" series of pottery books - and I have loved each one! It is a must have for all potters and especially students - each book is filled with images of great works of the potter's art, giving ideas for form and surface. I truly hope that they will do a second edition of each with new works!

Ceramic "Eye Candy"!.......2007-05-31

I am delighted with this book! It provides beautiful photography, stunning and varied examples of expertly-crafted pitchers, and unlimited design inspiration. Very little text is included -- the book is devoted to the photographs that illustrate these wonderful examples of form, glazing, and firing techniques. I definitely will be purchasing the "500 Cups" book now!

excellent series.......2007-05-28

this entire series of pottery books is wonderful. They're inspiring and cover a wide range of styles and techniques. My own tastes and pottery style aspire more to classic wedgwood and chinese porcelains rather than the more popular organic, earthy pottery one usually sees. It is nice that this series includes examples from the entire spectrum of contemporary potters.

A timely arrival.......2007-02-08

The book that I ordered arrived on time and in great condition.

500 pitchers.......2006-11-13

I own 4 of this 500 series books. This one,on Pitchers,was not inspiring to me,on the whole.It could be that I tend to work with low fire glazes,and am not keen on alot of stoneware glazing-something this book has a lot of.I sold it to a friend who is a lover of stoneware techniques,however,and she tells me she likes it very much.In case your wondering,I have the animals,figures and bowls,and teapots! Thoes,I am extremely pleased with.Most of these have seriously unconventional approaches,and thats what I love!

Loudon and the Landscape: From Country Seat to Metropolis, 1783-1843 (Yale Publications in the History of Art)
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Loudon and the Landscape: From Country Seat to Metropolis, 1783-1843 (Yale Publications in the History of Art)
Melanie Louise Simo
Manufacturer: Yale Univ Pr
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

General | Architecture | Professional & Technical | Subjects | Books
Landscape | Architecture | Professional & Technical | Subjects | Books
General | Gardening & Horticulture | Home & Garden | Subjects | Books
Landscape | Gardening & Horticulture | Home & Garden | Subjects | Books
General | Arts & Photography | Subjects | Books
ASIN: 0300037457

LOUDON AND THE LANDSCAPE: FROM COUNTRY SEAT TO METROPOLIS, 1783-1843. Yale Publications in the History of Art
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LOUDON AND THE LANDSCAPE: FROM COUNTRY SEAT TO METROPOLIS, 1783-1843. Yale Publications in the History of Art
Melanie Louise. Simo
Manufacturer: Yale Univ. Press,
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000N7I1MY

Making a Home for Faith: Nurturing the Spiritual Life of Your Children
Average customer rating:

good intro book for preschool parents

Every family needs this book!

Making a Home for Faith: Nurturing the Spiritual Life of Your Children
Elizabeth F. Caldwell
Manufacturer: United Church Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

General | Christian Living | Christianity | Religion & Spirituality | Subjects | Books
Inspirational | Spirituality | Religion & Spirituality | Subjects | Books
Inspirational | Religions | Children's Books | Subjects | Books
General | Parenting & Families | Subjects | Books
Similar Items:

Real Kids, Real Faith: Practices for Nurturing Children's Spiritual Lives (J-B Families and Faith Series)

Leaving Home With Faith: Nurturing the Spiritual Life of Our Youth

Parenting in the Pew: Guiding Your Children into the Joy of Worship

Joining Children on the Spiritual Journey: Nurturing a Life of Faith

Come Unto Me: Rethinking the Sacraments for Children

Accessories:

Braun IRT 4020 ThermoScan Ear Thermometer

ASIN: 0829813705

Customer Reviews:

good intro book for preschool parents.......2007-01-26

This book is a good intro book for parents who want to learn about raising their children spiritually. It combines theory, theology, and the practical. It is one of the more recent books on the subject. It is very broad in its audience, so would work for almost any faith. (Evangelical Christians have some better works to choose from.) There are discussion questions at the end of each chapter, so it is potentially good for a small group study. I would recommend this book to preschool parents more than elementary parents. But I would also stipulate that this book is only a starting point.

Every family needs this book!.......2000-04-15

This is a tremendous book for helping families learn how to teach faith within the home. The chapters guide the reader through ways each family can "make a home for faith" through nurturing the spiritual life of their children. The writing is clear and concise, and there are helpful resources listed in the book as well. A must-read for every family who takes their faith seriously!

Book Description

In this interdisciplinary book, Keala Jewell reunites Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978) with his brother, Alberto Savinio (1891-1952), a prolific writer and painter who has been kept at the margins of the discussion of surrealism and, more generally, the culture politics of twentieth-century Italy. Yet as Jewell demonstrates, the brothers worked together during their formative years in Munich and Paris and always shared, on the one hand, a drive to salvage Mediterranean myth and history and, on the other, a deep involvement with art's power to shape cultural identity and authority.

Rather than looking for a key to unlock the secrets of the brothers' recurrent use of dislocated spaces and bizarre hybrid figures, Jewell focuses on assessing the issues of identity and mastery put at stake in the haunting enigmas that characterize their paintings and writings. Deeply impressed by Nietzsche, she argues, they believed the "human" is inherently unstable and must be constantly "rewoven" with analogies and metaphors seized from empowering states of being.

Customer Reviews:

Art And Metaphysics.......2004-08-01

This biography of Giorgio de Chirico reveals that the artist considered himself more of a metaphysical painter than a surrealist. I think this provides a clue to a more interesting perspective on his work, that his paintings should be viewed as explorations of philosophical mysteries rather than the haunting imagery of dreams. The author also frequently points out that Giorgio de Chirico's paintings bring the real and the unreal together. In a philosophical context, this is not the same as saying they represent the surreal. The only objection I have to this book is that she places too much emphasis on his relationship with women which seems a bit self-conscious.

Book Description

International Marketing 2002 Update is a completely up-to-date text for one of the most dynamic upper level and graduate courses in the marketing department today. It offers the entire range of international marketing beginning with start-up operations, continuing with new market entry considerations and concluding with the international issues confronting giant global marketers. Special emphasis in this edition is given to the impact technology has had on the marketing world in the past few years. This edition also includes updated vignettes within the chapter as well as brand new video cases!

Average customer rating:

International Marketing, 2002 Update
Michael R. Czinkota Ilkka A. Ronkainen Michael Czinkota Ilkka Ronkainen
Manufacturer: Harcourt College Publishers
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000O98K9K

Average customer rating:

International Marketing: 2002 UPDATE
Czinkota
Manufacturer: South-Western College Pub
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000O94FDA

Amazon.com

Written by three veteran consumer experts who escaped the rat race, Invest in Yourself is a comprehensive guide for saving money and becoming a better person in the process. The book offers six secrets to the rich life--the first is to determine what you want in a career, write Marc Eisenson, Gerri Detweiler, and Nancy Castleman. "By carefully investing your time, energy, and maybe a little money, you can find out where you really want to go--and then do what you need to get there," they write. "It's one of your best investment opportunities, way better than anything you can get in the stock market." The other five keys: invest in intangibles like family and friends; pay off debts and get into a 401(k); keep learning new skills; manage your own money and get an "ace in the hole"--a tiny business of your own. Invest in Yourself offers a myriad of tips for squeezing the most out of a dollar. It tells you how to negotiate to get the best price on just about anything, including motel rooms and used cars, and gives the lowdown on turning your kids into savers and investors, controlling college bills, cutting home buying costs, and planning for retirement. The book is also a good clearinghouse for Web sites, helpful phone numbers, and information about newsletters like Loose Change and The Cheapskate Monthly.

The authors know first hand how to live a simple life and reduce expenses. Eisenson and Castleman left behind the big city and started a pro-consumer newsletter in a rented dream home in the country. They very rarely go to stores, preferring yard sales and thrift shops; they grow much of their own food; and practically everything they buy is used. If it breaks, they fix it. Cowriter Gerri Detweiler chucked her executive post with a large credit-education organization and made it as a writer and consultant. If you're thinking of making a similar move, this book might be a good investment. It's also for anyone looking for some ways to stay on a tight budget or for people just joining the working world. --Dan Ring

Book Description

Don't just invest in stocks and bonds. Invest in your life.

"This book is guaranteed to make a difference in the way you approach money, work-and life in general-whether you're just starting out, struggling to succeed, or already on track." -Terry Savage, Chicago Sun-Times, personal finance columnist.

"We Americans have a choice-spend life enslaved to the gods of consumerism, or live simply but free to fulfill our dreams. If you are yearning to give freedom a try, you'll find this inspiring book provides the road map you'll need to get started." -Ralph Warner, author of Get a Life: You Don't Need a Million to Retire Well.

"The most important trend of the new millennium is the focus on freedom. Invest in Yourself will put you on the path to freedom, so you can live the life you freely choose. It will help you on the job, at home, and with your finances." -Gerald Celente, Director, Trends Research Institute and author of Trends 2000.

A Money Book Club selection

Put together the portfolio of your life-finances, family, and you

Success in life consists of more than just a hefty bank account. Your happiness portfolio also includes family, friends, home, career, and the time to appreciate life's simple pleasures. Invest in Yourself offers six easy steps to simplify your life and enjoy it to the fullest.

It all comes down to making decisions about what you really want and then mapping out a realistic game plan to get there. Where do you want to live? Do you want to put your career on hold to spend more time with your toddler? Are there a few small business ideas rattling around in your head that you'd like to turn into reality? Would you like some easy, proven ways to reduce the cost of college? When do you want to retire, and what hopes do you have for your golden years?

Changing your direction doesn't have to send your life into a tailspin. Once you nail down your goals, Invest in Yourself provides savvy advice as well as painlessly practical and risk-free strategies you can use immediately to test drive your fantasies and discover for yourself if they are right for you.

Invest in Yourself isn't afraid to challenge conventional wisdom. Do you really need to sock away a king's ransom for retirement? Is the purchase of a home the most important investment of your life? Do you need a lot of capital to start a small business, and is it worth the risk? How can you make sure your children will be accepted at the best college for them?

Invest in Yourself offers the perfect mix of down-to-earth philosophy, financial strategies, and money-saving tips. You'll also learn how to start your own business with little risk, negotiate flex-time at work, plant a healthful garden, and help your children become smart consumers.

Packed with sidebars, anecdotes, examples, homespun wisdom, and references to Web sites, newsletters, books, and other resources, Invest in Yourself is a comprehensive guide to creating the life of your dreams. It will have a major impact on your life's bottom line.

Marc Eisenson is the author of the bestseller, The Banker's Secret, and a nationally recognized expert on how to painlessly exit from debt. Nancy Castleman, along with Marc, publishes the highly respected Pocket Change Investor newsletter. Through books, software, audiotapes, and an assortment of other publications, Marc and Nancy's Good Advice Press has saved hundreds of thousands of families billions of dollars. They live the ideas of this book on a farm in upstate New York where their nearest neighbors are cows.

Gerri Detweiler is the author of The Ultimate Credit Handbook and an authority on the credit and financial services industry. The former executive director of the Bankcard Holders of America, Gerri lives and works from her home office in the Washington, D.C. suburbs.

The authors have been featured on The Today Show, Dateline NBC, CBS Evening News, CBS This Morning, and Good Morning America, and in the New York Times, the Washington Post, and hundreds of other media outlets worldwide.

Customer Reviews:

Geared Toward Folks With Families, But Singles Can Benefit, Too.......2007-04-11

I already knew most of the secrets explained at length in this book. However, I must agree with Secret #3: Wherever you work, be in business for yourself. The old covenant between individuals, private enterprise and government no longer holds. Those of you (including this reviewer) working for a living would do well to become a bit more entrepreneurial.

Having read more than a few personal finance books, I can say that this book is very good for someone who has been pretty much in the dark about his or her finances. I highly recommend it to the highly indebted wage-earners out there who want to get a grip on their personal finances.

simply terrible, unless your a tramp .......2005-03-22

The truth is this is a Book for PENNYPINCHERS, presented in a more "respectable" fashion with a shiny cover and bullet-headings (it should be called "PENNYPICHERS GUIDE for the ModernDay). Now theres nothing wrong with saving bucks where you can and being abit of a PennyPincher when you want to work towards financial independence or some other higher goal in life... but this book wants you to live like a Tramp!

This book will NOT teach you how to make money, it will not show motivate yourself to perform better in life, it will not help you become a Millionare... or become financially independent.

instead the advice it offers is at the other end of the spectrum, it tells you how to live like a Tramp, basically how to "get away from the city" and move to a farm on the outskirts. How to survive in a Cave or on top of a mountain (where you dont have to pay a mortgage!), it details how to grow your vegitables (3 non-stop pages dedicated to gardening), how to buy your clothes from BootSales, how to basically "DOWNGRADE" and "SLOWDOWN" your life to be One with mothernature.

now some of the advice is good, like spending more time with your family, giving children limited pocket money to teach them value of it etc. but i was disapointed in this book because there is hardly no advice on how to become successful and be rich.

So if you want to sell your city apartment and live in a cave, growing your own food, sewing your own clothes, and running around with wild horses... then by all means go ahead and buy this book.

If you (like me) thought that this book will teach you about Money, how to earn more, how to spend it WISELY (big difference between being MoneyWise and downright STINGY!) and how to one day become financially independent...then sadly you will be disapointed so think about giving it a miss.

advice: checkyour local bookshop and see if you can pickup this book for cheap, for a book that preaches frugality and pennypinching it came at a farily high price to my wallet! and just flick through and read a few pages before you buy -

Simple but pragmatic.......2002-09-06

This book will show you how to make the most of your money. It's an easy read, simple and packed with information.Invest in yourself and buy this book. It's excellent.

Very inspiring read regarding money, work and life........2001-08-02

Need help on the job, at home, and with your finances? Then this book is for you. The book is a comprehensive guide for saving money and becoming a better person in the process. The book offers six secrets like determining what you want in a career, investing in intangibles like family and friends; paying off debts and getting into a 401(k); keep learning new skills; managing your own money and owning a business of your own. The book goes on to tell you how to negotiate to get the best price on just about anything, including motel rooms and used cars, and gives the lowdown on turning your kids into savers and investors, controlling college bills, cutting home buying costs and planning for retirement. This book will show you the way to make a difference in the way you approach money, work and life in general. In relation to life and financing I found this entire reading very inspiring. The book provides the only road map you'll ever need. Enjoy it.

FinancialNeeds.com

Relax and Enjoy.......2001-06-20

This is a book that tells me to relax in my life, but actively seek investment (and return) on other areas of one's life. Good to read.

Book Description

Following the failure of "really existing socialism" in Eastern Europe and Asia, the market is now generally perceived, by Left and Right, to be supreme in any rational economic system. The current debate now focuses on the proper boundaries of markets rather than the system itself. This book examines the problems of defining these boundaries for the recent defences of the market, and shows that they highlight major weaknesses in the cases made by its proponents. The author draws on considerable research in this area to provide an overdue critical evaluation of the limits of the market, and future prospects for non-market socialism. The issues discussed cross a number of academic boundaries including economics, philosophy and politics.

Customer Reviews:

John O'Neill's non-market associational order.......2000-03-30

This book ranks highly among those which seek to provide an intellectual basis for post Reagan/Thatcher/Berlin Wall politics. O'Neill's objective is to elucidate the operation of `international functional units of planning' that are capable of using global resources in `an ecologically rational way'; and he sets out `to defend non-market associations' and `to puncture the intellectual case for the market economy'. His inspiration is `Otto Neurath's strong form of associational socialism', which is his guide to a `non-market associational order'.

O'Neill's subject - the market - comprises `social and institutional arrangements through which goods are regularly produced for, distributed by and subject to contractual forms of exchange in which money and property rights over goods are transferred between agents'. By the precepts of Austrian school politics, the market (i) is an amoral, arational, non-economic, non-teleological institution which offers no judgement of the end-states that it fosters and (ii) affords a framework for the peaceful co-existence of individuals with diverse goals. These precepts support an ethos of benign neutrality which rivals the perfectionist account of political and social institutions.

Rival paradigms of political theory point to different values in negative liberty; it is a prerequisite for either (i) neutrality: with an accommodation of different perceptions of the good, or (ii) perfectionism: with an inducement to character building. However, the author identifies three (not two) issues: (i) `the powers and dispositions of character' needed to become an autonomous person; (ii) the freedom from coercion needed to exercise that autonomy; and (iii) the material means needed to effect action. He argues that the blurring of the first two issues has obscured the positive component in Hayek's endorsement of liberty.

O'Neill laments `the rejection of the enlightenment project of a rationally ordered social life' and points to an Austrian paradox: to assert that autonomy is good, is to invite rational debate over the conception of the good, which surrenders the virtue of neutrality. O'Neill believes that `the most effective defence of market institutions would not be to appeal to institutional neutrality between conceptions of the good but rather to develop a perfectionist liberal economics according to which the free market is a necessary condition for that good.' Yet, (as O'Neill concedes) Hayek does not propagate a purely contractarian version of liberalism. The perfectionism in Hayek is especially evident in respect of such desirable traits as `independence and self-reliance, individual initiative and local responsibility'. For Hayek the key issue is the nature of the `Great Society', where individuals can find `the best conditions for achieving their aims'.

O'Neill finds the best welfare defences of the market in classical economics: `material conditions of well-being, the social and cultural conditions for the development of human excellences ... autonomous choice and the possibility of cultural accomplishment, and conditions that foster proper social relationships'. These constituted the vision before the paradigm shift from substantive accounts of welfare to preference satisfaction. Any concern with the content of well-being was then abandoned. Thereafter there was either the (neo-classical) calculus of pleasure and pain or the (Austrian) remit of allowing individuals the best prospect for achieving personal goals. Aristotle was reversed: an item is desirable because of an individual's beliefs about it, not because it is objectively good. However, O'Neill's account is blemished by his conflation of neo-classical constrained optimisation (whose unlikely assumptions deter many students) with Hayek's social theories of sequential causation and co-ordination. In consequence much of his purported criticism of Hayek flies wide of the mark.

O'Neill presents the market as having encroached too far upon non-market associations: at best, the market creates a tension between welfare gains - although he finds `little relation between growth in economic welfare and growth in reported `satisfaction'' - and contractual relations that are incompatible with non-market associations; the market corrodes conditions of human well-being: the commitments of personal relationships; social bonds and loyalties; social identity and the narrative order of human life; the norms of recognition that are vital to the internal order of the sciences, arts and crafts; skills and social esteem; and the public nature of the sciences and arts. (In like fashion, might not gravity be indicted for causing backache?) At the very least markets need boundaries, `so that non-market associations and relations can flourish'. O'Neill questions the perceived values of the market: liberal neutrality (chapter 2); welfare (chapters 3 and 4); autonomy and freedom (chapters 5, 6 and 7); `the forms of recognition it is taken to foster' (chapter 8); those values which emerged from the socialist calculation debate (chapters 9, 10 and 11); and those drawn from public choice theory (chapter 12).

In chapters 9, 10, 11 the focus switches to defences of the market which emanate from Austrian economics. The issue of economic calculation under socialism led to the watershed of Hayek's `Economics and knowledge' in 1937. O'Neill argues for two (not one) debates in the 1920s and 1930s: between von Mises and Neurath (on the necessity for commensurability through market valuations) and between Hayek and Lange (on epistemological realities).

There would seem to be few ills that non-market associations cannot put right, and these include the political opportunism exposed by public choice theorists. O'Neill points to the paradox that `[i]f one took seriously what they are saying in their theories, one could not take seriously their acts of saying them'; in other words, what is the hidden motivation of public choice theorists? Although public choice theory says `something right' in its critique of state benevolence, the author believes it is too narrow in its view of self-interest, which should be taken in the particular institutional context. Associational socialism again takes its cue: non-market institutions can re-orient an individual's self-interest.

Whereas many Austrians would accept as paramount `the question of what associations best develop the goods of human life', they would be sceptical of O'Neill's utopian `vision of a non-market associational order' as an alternative to the market economy.

International Accounting and Reporting Issues, 1988 Review (International Accounting and Reporting Issues)
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International Accounting and Reporting Issues, 1988 Review (International Accounting and Reporting Issues)
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Understanding Donor Dynamics: The Organizational Side of Charitable Giving: New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising (J-B PF Single Issue Philanthropic Fundraising)
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