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Guide to Worldwide Postal Codes and Address Formats
Manufacturer: WorldVu LLC ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: 097169494X |
Book Description
Guide to Worldwide Postal Codes and Address Formats is the single source for practical information about international addressing for over 200 countries and territories, including country-by-country information and examples of postal-code and address formats. An Internet-based version with updates is available by subscription.
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Guide to Worldwide Postal-Code and Address Formats
Manufacturer: WorldVu LLC ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: 0971694958 |
Product Description
Fully updated 2006 edition of the Guide to Worldwide Postal Codes and Address Formats is the single source for practical information about international addressing for over 230 countries and territories, including country-by-country information and examples of postal-code and address formats. An Internet-based version with updates is available by subscription.
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1993 Guide to worldwide postal-code and address formats: Practical tips for standardizing foreign addresses including, city and country names, postal-code ... sample addresses, sources of information
Marian Nelson Manufacturer: M. Nelson ProductGroup: Book Binding: Unknown Binding ASIN: B0006OZKIC |
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Guide to Worldwide Postal-Code and Address Formats
Marian Nelson Manufacturer: Nelson Intersearch Company ProductGroup: Book Binding: Spiral-bound ASIN: 0963067745 |
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Guide to worldwide postal-code and address formats: Practical tips for standardizing foreign addresses including, city and country names, postal-code formats, ... sample addresses, and information sources
Marian Nelson Manufacturer: M. Nelson ProductGroup: Book Binding: Unknown Binding ASIN: B00071RRFS |
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Money for Nothing: Real Wealth, Financial Fantasies and the Economy of the Future
Roger Bootle Manufacturer: Nicholas Brealey Publishing ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Similar Items: ASIN: 1857882822 |
Book Description
Feeling bamboozled and confused by the stock market boom of the late 1990s? Bootle presents the perfect antidote: a sure-to-be controversial look at real wealth--the prospect of both deflation and depression--and economic life after the bubble.Customer Reviews:
Highly Recommended!.......2005-09-14
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Computers, Ethics and Social Values
Deborah G. Johnson , and Helen Nissenbaum Manufacturer: Prentice Hall ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: 0131031104 |
Book Description
A comprehensive anthology of readings on computers and ethical issues surrounding their use. Can be used as a core book or supplemental readings in Computer Ethics or Computers and Society subjects.Customer Reviews:
Very good.......2005-09-09
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Human Values and the Design of Computer Technology (Center for the Study of Language and Information - Lecture Notes)
Manufacturer: Center for the Study of Language and Inf ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 1575860813 |
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Digital Soul: Intelligent Machines and Human Values
Thomas M. Georges Manufacturer: Basic Books ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 081334266X Release Date: 2004-10-12 |
Book Description
Should the day come when intelligent machines not only make computations but also think and experience emotions as humans do, how will we distinguish man "from machine"? This introduction to artificial intelligence - and to its potentially profound social, moral, and ethical implications - is designed for readers with little or no technical background. In accessible, focused, engaging discussions, physicist and award-winning science writer Thomas Georges explores the fundamental issues: What is consciousness? Can computers be conscious? If machines could think and even feel, would they then be entitled to "human" rights? Will machines and people merge into a biomechanical race? Should we worry that super-intelligent machines might take over the world?Even now we continue to put increasingly sophisticated machines in control of critical aspects of our lives in ways that may hold unforeseen consequences for the human race. Digital Soul challenges all of us, before it's too late, to think carefully and rationally about the kind of world we will want to live in - with intelligent machines ever closer by our sides.
Customer Reviews:
One of Several Useful Books on Artificial Intelligence, but not an Exceptional One.......2007-01-02
I know this is an intro book but c'mon!.......2003-12-21
Am I expecting too much? This is, after all, suppoosed to be an intro book. No, my appraial is not based on a highfalutin motive. In fact, it is because this is an intro book that I think there is a disservice done by its surface level approach.
Each chapter (at least in the first half) follows a pretty simple formula. The author asks questions like can machines think, emote, reason, be conscious, understand, etc. Letitimate questions, all. His response, though, seems to be "Yes, they can do all. Why? No one has proved that they cannot; that's why." I suppose that in its own way, this is a legitimate reason to remain agnostic on whether computers could one day achieve these traits, but it is also an easy way to dismiss the question. Scientists do not - or should not - work that way. A theory is not viable simply no one has disproven it. Rather, evidence must first be martialled in its favor for it to be taken seriously. (Not that this can't be done for AI, but the author owes it to us to at least survey the arguments).
Second, the author takes these traits (emotion, consciousness, reason, etc) and in an effort to 'understand' waht they are and get some sense of how they might work, he offers a simple explanation: evolution created them. Now I believe wholeheartedly in evolution rather than creation and my qualm is not whether the statement is valid. Rather, it is whether 'evolution did it,' is an answer to his question at all. Saying that evolution created consciousness does nothing to illuminate our view on what it is and what makes it work. Of course, we don't have any really outstanding theories yet, but again, the author owes it to us to at least survey waht we do have.
Third, the author accepts UNCRITICALLY the thought that AI will create machine minds and even ones that outgrow us. While this is a possibility, an introductory book like this, should be examining the legitimate criticsism (By people like Searle, McGinn, and Lanier) against it. Rather, he answers criticism of strong AI by suggesting that anyone who denies it must be a mystic who believes in a soul or god or some other immaterial substance. Not true! There are legitimate criticms of AI and I get the feeling that the intro reader is going to come away from this book with the false impresion that there are not scientifically based criticisms.
The long and the short is that this book is simply lightweight enough for me to fear that the first-time reader will not be exposed to very much from this book. For those who want to read some thoughtful introductions, "Is Data Human" by Michael Hanley, "Society of Mind" by Marvin Minsky (which this book cites from) and "The Minds I" by Hofstadter and Dennett are good ones. With the exception of the first, all of these books may be a little more tedious (not much) than "Digital Soul" but they are also more informative.
Where are we going?.......2003-05-07
Digital Soul is about the nature of our world when machines become as intelligent as humans and beyond. It is also about the nature of those machines. It is clear that Georges has thought long and hard about the subject, has read widely and has compared notes with other futurists. His expression is reasoned and reasonable. There are no muddy sentences or mystical ambiguities. He has worked hard to make sure that his ideas are accessible to a wide range of people including those with no expertise in the field of Artificial Intelligence.
Clearly the problem is to derive benefit from super intelligent machines without letting them take over our lives. Georges believes that it will be difficult to do that since, as the machines get smarter and smarter and we allow them more and more latitude and we more and more depend on them, they will come to control us.
But this is where I think Georges goes astray. The question I would ask is, would they WANT to control us?
Georges implies that human-like values, such as that of self-preservation will automatically follow from machines becoming intelligent. But actually the machines will have no values at all and no desire, either. They will have no inclination to act except as such inclinations are built into their make-up.
Georges also implies that he knows what qualities or values are desirable in a machine. He speaks of "nicer, testosterone-free, superhuman beings" as opposed to "greedy, violent, barbaric, self-absorbed" beings. (p. 212) While these are surely agreeable preferences, it is not clear that artificial creatures designed according to human choice would long survive.
It is also not clear that we would want to design machines according to human values. We would want to design them as tools (which they are) to assist us in following our desires and supporting our values. Notice the difference. Machines that work toward fulfilling the desires and upholding the values of human beings are not the same as machines that contain the desires and values of human beings.
What I think Georges temporarily forgets is that no machine is going to "want" to do anything unless "desire" is built into the machine. The machine doesn't care whether it is plugged in or not unless we somehow encode such a desire into the machine. What Georges seems to assume is that somehow the complexity that we will demand from machines will somehow necessitate that we inculcate desire, self-preservation and the like into the machine. I think this will not be necessary at all. Indeed I suspect our machines will tell us that they will be able to function just fine without the institution of some kind of supercode or primary instruction telling them to protect themselves and have ulterior motives. (Such notions led to HAL 9000's murderous behavior in Kubrick's film 2001: A Space Odyssey.)
I think a more likely future (and one that Georges addresses) is a symbiosis between people and intelligent machines in which the machines have the knowledge, skill and intelligence necessary for making decisions, but that the actual decisions and the impetus for action remain with human beings.
However, should intelligent machines, as Georges fears, somehow acquire purpose and goals and desires such as self-preservation, then there is a great danger of our lives being taken over and controlled by intelligent machines. He warns us that we have to guard against that danger.
Georges rightly brings up the Fermi Paradox in Chapter 18. Since it would appear (to some at least) that the universe is teeming with intelligent life, Fermi famously asked, "Where is everybody?" One of the many answers (aside from "we are alone") is that "technological civilizations have a very short life expectancy, because they promptly destroy themselves during their technological adolescence." This insight from Georges on page 214 is another way of pointing to what he is worried about. Still another way (perhaps) of expressing this is to say that we will merge with our intelligent machines, and having acquired a sort of superintelligence, will find that the values that were built into us by the evolutionary mechanism are muted, values such as self-preservation, curiosity, greed, anger, vengeance, etc. Any sort of desire may be culturally evolved out of us. Why do anything at all? may very well become the unanswerable question. Perhaps this is what happens to technological civilizations in their adolescence, and that is why we haven't heard from them.
Beyond this I think we need to realize that evolutionary creatures, which we are, are just a place along the way to something else. What that something else will be is as much beyond our ken as understanding quantum mechanics is to bubble bees.
Regardless of some disagreements this is a very interesting book well worth reading from cover to cover. I agree with his enthusiasm about artificial intelligence and I agree that we should continue to pursue its development and not become neo-Luddites. But I am not afraid of a future without human beings as we are now constituted. We are imperfect creatures. We are appropriate and adapted to the present environment. When the environment changes, as it surely will, we may no longer be able to adapt and may go the way of the dodo. So be it. We know from looking at the past that all species eventually die. New ones come into existence. Should the future be any different?
As we see the limitations of humanity, as we see ourselves for the first time as we really are, perhaps it is time for a greater identification. Instead of identifying exclusively with human beings, might we not identify with a larger process that encompasses all life forms including those to come?
An odd mixture of optimism and cynicism.......2003-04-07
He also states in chapter 1 that in order to survive our "technological adolescence" humans must lose some of their "self-destructive evolutionary baggage." This belief seems to be a popular one, being pervasive in literature, performing arts, and philosophy. But from a statistical/scientific standpoint, it is clearly unsupported. In comparison to the total number of humans who have ever lived, only a tiny minority of individuals throughout history have ever hurt anyone physically; an even smaller number have actually killed another human being. The author's cynicism here is totally unjustified.
The author though does engage in interesting discussion on the nature of intelligence and why he believes that machines are already more intelligent than humans are in certain specialized domains. Because of this, he also argues (correctly) that the further rise of machine intelligence will take place incrementally, with no well-defined time at which one could say that machine intelligence has surpassed human intelligence. It seems as though we have learned to live with machines doing things better than we can, at least in some areas, but have not yet viewed these capabilities as being "intelligent". But, asks the author, if they are more intelligent, at least in these areas, how would one know if they are working properly? It is at this point that the author believes that one should worry about the future of humanity as the dominant life-form on Earth.
Throughout the book, the author shows keen insight into the real goals behind research and development in A.I. The main goal he says is not to create machines that think and behave completely like humans, but find solutions to problems and do tasks that humans require. This will bring about, the author believes, intelligent machines whose cognitive abilities are quite unique, and characteristically non-human-like. There are many examples of his opinions on these matters in current developments in A.I., such as genetic programming and automatic theorem proving. These two areas have exhibited solutions to problems that clearly are very different than what humans would have done.
In addition, and perhaps to the alarm of some philosophers, the author takes a pragmatic view concerning the question as to whether machines can think. He clearly does not want to engage in the arm-chair philosophical debates about this question, and considers them totally irrelevant. What matters to him is whether the machine "acts in all respects" as though it understands. The imputation of mental processes to a machine will assist in the understanding of how it works and what it can do, and this is perfectly fine with the author. But this does, in the author's view raise questions as to the legal and ethical status of thinking machines.
Because of the title of the book, it is not surprising to find a discussion of the "strong A.I." problem included in it. The author spends a chapter addressing the nature of consciousness and some of the ideas and myths surrounding it. He recognizes, correctly, that the doctrines of vitalism and dualism are not useful at all from a scientific perspective. The proponents of these doctrines adhere to the "irreducibility" of consciousness, and therefore to the untenability of its analysis. Pure speculation is thus the tool of inquiry, all of this done on the philosopher's armchair and not in the laboratory. The author though, thankfully, advocates a purely scientific approach, taking the physical nature of consciousness as an axiom, and then seeing how far this will lead. His analysis and commentary throughout the chapter are very interesting and connected with evolutionary arguments as to why consciousness is structured the way it is.
Most interesting is the author's discussion on the role of emotions in human cognition. Not viewing emotions as inherently undesirable or "irrational", he gives reasons for wanting to incorporate them into an intelligent machine. One of these is an algorithmic notion: emotions provide a "weighting scheme" that will filter out undesirable paths in the total path space of alternatives. Anyone who has attempted to design search algorithms will understand the importance of weighting schemes that will allow pruning of the search space. The same goes for those involved in the design of neural networks for pattern matching or time series prediction: bias nodes are essential for the proper function of the neural network. The author gives as an example the biases that are built into chess-playing machines, without which the machine's capabilities would be crippled.
The author definitely believes in the possibility of machines "taking over", devoting an entire chapter to the possible scenarios that might bring this about. But his cynicism acts against him here, namely his belief that humans, even though clearly expressing intelligence, are prone to extreme violence. His notion of intelligence therefore is too narrow: an alternative one is that the more intelligent an entity becomes, the less prone to violence it becomes. In other words, violence disrupts the cognitive flow of the entity in question, and it avoids it out of necessity: to maintain a state of intelligence that not only has survival value but may indeed be purely a subjective need. The degree of intelligence is thus inversely related to the violence participated in. There are many examples of this, billions in fact, these being the humans who have lived throughout history. The vast majority of humans have been superb thinking machines, and they serve as excellent examples to the ones which they are creating and will create.
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Computers, Ethics, And Social Values
Deborah G. Johnson Manufacturer: Prentice Hall ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: B000OIT5AE |
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Key Account Management: Learning Form Supplier & Customer Perspectives (Cim Professional)
Malcolm McDonald , and Beth Rogers Manufacturer: Butterworth-Heinemann ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback Similar Items:
ASIN: 075063278X |
Book Description
Key account management is a natural development of customer focus and relationship marketing in business-to-business markets. It offers critical benefits and opportunities for profit enhancement to both sides of the seller/buyer dyad.Customer Reviews:
A Good Read!.......2005-05-10
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Cost-Benefit Analysis for Public Sector Decision Makers
Diana Fuguitt , and Shanton J. Wilcox Manufacturer: Quorum Books ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover Similar Items:
ASIN: 1567202225 |
Book Description
Fuguitt and Wilcox skillfully guide analysts, public sector managers, and students of decision-making through a full range of the essential steps to perform, interpret, and assess cost-benefit analysis. Their book shows how to grasp the principles of cost-benefit analysis and several related economic valuation methods, how to apply them in undertaking an objective analysis, and how to use the analysis as a decision-making tool across a wide range of fields and applications. An extensive knowledge of economic theory, calculus or advanced graphical analysis is not needed to understand the principles or techniques. Accessible to those who understand basic algebra and have a beginner's hold on statistics, the book also provides a bridge to the more advanced literature in economics and to other analyses used to perform sophisticated valuations. A unique, much-needed presentation of all that is required to gain an immediate, useful understanding of the topic. The authors explain basic economic concepts and show how they are relevant to understanding an analytical approach. They enumerate principles and detail such technical components as "with and without" analysis, discounting, decision criteria and uncertainty assessment. The book provides especially extensive coverage of the contingent valuation method along with market valuation, the travel cost and property value methods, human life valuation, and cost-effectiveness analysis. They explain empirical methods used to perform these valuation techniques and cover survey and regression analysis as well. Most importantly, Fuguitt and Wilcox treat the topic within its real-world context--as a decision-making tool to assess a particular policy's efficiency and to provide the decision maker with necessary information. Trade-offs between efficiency and other policy objectives are also addressed, as is the interdisciplinary setting within which cost-benefit analysis is interpreted, enabling readers to understand that policy advocates and adversaries bring their own values and competing interests to bear on any decision-making process.
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What I Did for Money
Lucille P. Finamore Manufacturer: Meetinghouse Books ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: 1577362497 |
Book Description
A collection of true real estate stories from an experienced professional. Told with candor and humor, these valuable lessons for sellers, buyers, and agents will enlighten and entertain readers.Customer Reviews:
What I did for Money.......2002-03-20
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Esther Williamson Ballou: A Bio-Bibliography (Bio-Bibliographies in Music)
James R. Heintze Manufacturer: Greenwood Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Hardcover ASIN: 0313250693 |
Book Description
Esther Williamson Ballou was greatly admired by all who encountered her remarkable versatility as a musician and teacher. Although her music has continued to be performed over the years since her death in 1973, this volume is the first book-length study of her life and contributions to the musical world. The result of an extensive bibliographical search, and repeated contact with Esther's husband, Harold, and her friends and colleagues, James R. Heintze's bio-bibliography will provide the researcher with information about what materials exist and where they are located, that until now was not available.
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ESTHER WILLIAMSON BALLOU : A BIO-BIBLIOGRAPHY
James R. Heintze Manufacturer: Greenwood Press ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: B000OTJ2JM |
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Otto, the Boy at the Window: Peter Abeles True Story of Escape from the Holocaust and New Life in America
Peter Abeles , and Tom Hicks Manufacturer: AuthorHouse ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: 1418421286 |
Book Description
As sixty-eight year old Peter Abeles confronts his ambivalence over his mother's recent death, he laces together his childhood memories of the prewar Austrian aristocracy his Jewish family belonged to, the rising tide of hate that engulfed them and their decision to flee, and the story of his life in America. In trying to come to terms with his personal history and family, Abeles looks beyond the immediate horrors of the Holocaust and the Diaspora to some of the more subtle effects on the reconstructed lives that followed. He gives a hard, honest account of his upbringing by a cold, demanding father and an embittered, materialistic mother-but he frames that account in forgiveness and redemption, imagining his dead mother as she receives a treasure box of Sefirot, the ten Hebrew words that allow an individual to know Kabbalah, or wisdom. Peter Abeles and Tom Hicks have produced an intelligent and edifying memoir that has much to say about exile and immigration, about class, money, love and forgiveness. In Otto, the Boy at the Window, they offer readers some hard-earned shreds of Kabbalah. Praise for Otto, the Boy at the Window: "This unforgettable book opens with the death of Abeles' mother in Long Island when he was 68, which prompts him to reflect on his Viennese childhood in the 1930s. His mother was strict and possessive, and his father was unyielding. The father owned a thriving wholesale shoe business, and the family had servants and tutors. Abeles relives the Anschluss of March 12, 1938, when the Nazis took control of Austria, and he remembers mobs of Nazi sympathizers destroying synagogues and Jewish-owned properties during Kristallnacht in November of that year. In November 1939, the family sailed from Rotterdam to New York with only $10 left from their fortune. They went to Chicago, where two sponsoring families met them.
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Otto, the Boy at the Window: Peter Otto Abele's True Story of Escape from the Holocaust and New Life in America
Peter Abeles , and Tom Hicks Manufacturer: Creative Arts Book Company ProductGroup: Book Binding: Paperback ASIN: 0887393756 |
Customer Reviews:
Peter Abeles's life story we all should read.......2007-02-08
Americas' Promise.......2007-01-24
Lessons in life.......2006-01-25
Otto,Boy at the window.......2005-01-26
Healing the past.......2004-02-23
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