Cartels of the Mind: Japan's Intellectual Closed Shop

Customer Reviews:

Cautionary Tales from an Opaque World.......2007-10-04

Although I have a number of reservations concerning Ivan P. Hall's overall thesis, as I suspect most readers will, this book deserves to be mandatory reading for any syllabus evaluating contemporary Japanese society, as well as a reality check for educators planning a tour of the East.

First, I'd like to say that I have *nil* patience for countless Japanifestos currently on the market. In such works, self-appointed experts, preaching from their limited encounters, claim to unmask the persona of 'Japan' to reveal some essential truth beneath. Often, this substitute version is just as essential and uni-dimensional as the face it claims to replace. 'Japan' is often lauded in excessive tones: a search for Mishima's sword, bushidô and the formation of the soul, the efficiency and artistry of tradition. Or, more common today, angry invectives that take 'Japan' to task for any number of tabloid accusations, ones that are hardly unique to one country: consider the number of works exposing the horrors of hikikomori, suicide circles, or so-called underground sexuality. Japan is either a beautiful lacquer tray, or a seedy dystopia of fascists and perverts. Either version, obviously, is hopelessly simplistic.

Hall's book might just be another Japanifesto. He has some very strong claims, and not too small a fire in the belly, behind his thesis. Japan, he argues, is a closed shop, one of the most willfully racist conglomerates in the world. Despite the veneer of hospitality and gentility, there lurks a pre-Meiji beast of isolationism.

Well, Hall's not the first to claim this about Japan. And, really, I leave it to the reader to draw upon his or her own experience: aren't there any number of places in which locals are accorded a status that tourists and ex-pats can never attain? Why is Japan being taken to task?

Initially -- and I can think of countless websites that claim to expose the worst abuses of anti-'gaijin' prejudice -- I thought it was largely a lot of moaning. Most of these people, Hall included, are privileged white men with hefty educational backgrounds. They have enjoyed, for most of their lives, a superior status. Yet, suddenly tasting the first little bit of racism, they scream bloody murder and launch crusades. One wonders if these people had been so socially active about discrimination in their home countries. And, after all, Hall enjoyed -- as a diplomat, journalist, and professor -- the high life in Roppongi, a standard of living that most working class Japanese could never hope to attain. But, a bad experience here and there, and suddenly we have a swift indictment of an entire nation? Make no mistakes! Hall is not just discussing peripheral social prejudices, but is claiming that discriminatory practices are not only promoted at all levels of Japanese professional society, but are in fact encoded and enshrined in law and politics.

Is he right, or just playing up his own bad experiences? Well, imagine you were hunting for a job in American academia. You had excellent English, as well as fluency in your own mother tongue. You troll the weblists and see an add like the following:
"Major American University (M.A.U.) is seeking foreign born instructors to teach the X language. You must have a particular kind of accent when speaking this X language. You must also hold a PhD and be under the age of thirty-five, with five major publications. If shortlisted, you will come to MAU at your own expense for an interview. The successful candidate will be given a one year contract, with the possibility of a one year extension. At such a time, no matter your performance or good will accrued, you will be replaced."

Well, you might think, it sounds dodgy -- but the job market is tight all around. Loads of fresh doctorates are toiling in sessional jobs. Tenure track positions aren't growing on trees, after all.

Ok, but imagine you did some research about MAU. You find out that American-born candidates are slotted into tenure track possibilities that are forever denied you. They make significantly more money than for the same course load. More often, they work loads half of what you would be expect to do on contract. All of this is based on one thing: your racial identity and place of birth. Sure, Canadian jobs give preference to Canadian citizens or permanent residents -- but that could be anyone, wherever you come from. This job precludes any immigrant, no matter how naturalised, from attaining a long-term secure position.

As you can imagine, outrage would probably ensure. Letters to the UN maybe. Soul searching about race in academia. Etc.

Yet if you go to JACET (the Japanese Association for College English Teachers) website right now, you will find plenty of advertisements saying pretty much the same as above. Substitute Major Japanese University for Major American University, and the infrastructure of discrimination which Hall is taking to task becomes apparent.

I know plenty of 'success' stories in Japan. People who have attained the highest ranks and have infiltrated the most supposedly insular societies. Are they exceptions that prove the rule? I don't know. Hall's book rages, perhaps too much, form his own sense of having been wrong-done. None the less, he rightly brings into focus some terrible trends that even the most optimistic expat worker in Japan has probably experienced. The extent that this prejudice represents hardened social milieu, or just a sad reality of demographics and geopolitics, is debatable. Again, I think that a careful examination of the supposed open-ness of North American professions should also be questioned. One doesn't have to look hard to find highly qualified people -- engineers, dentists, and such -- who immigrated to Canada under the lure that the country needs, and wants, more foreign professionals . . . only to find that their crendentials or degrees aren't recognised, or the paperwork is incomplete, or any number of beureaucratic hassles. They end doing typical immigrant jobs that most native born Canadians won't touch. If they complain that they have been cheated or undervalued, they're told to stop whining or go hme where they came from.

So is Japan really all that unique in how it manages its influence through controlling intellectual import/export ratios? What really are the Powers who are keeping prejudice as a national institution? If it's really so bad, why aren't more people -- American academics, for example -- publishing widely on this subject? Israel is called an apartheid state, worthy of boycott, by British unions . . . so what do we make of the in-your-face discrimination of Japan? Hall himself is rather inconclusive on this complex subject is this rather short book. However, he presents enough compelling evidence, personal and statistical, to make any observer think long and hard about ongoing identity stratification in homogenous societies. It's a brawny, provocative book that deserves serious consideration, and I applaud -- although do not entirely endorse -- his assessments. It certainly puts on the discussion table subjects that people would rather not address.

Good for the power elite, but not good for the citizens/consumers.......2007-04-17

An excellent book. It covers mainly three professions, the legal profession, journalism and academia. It describes how in these three professions, Japan tries to give the impression that it is an open society, where in reality, it is a closed society.

Personally, I am in the medical profession, and in my personal contact with the medical world in that society, the impression I have is that that same Cartels of the mind exist. I was very surprised to learn that while many of the latest drugs are readily available in Singapore, once the licensing authorities in the major advanced countries have given the go ahead, such as approval by the FDA in the USA, in Japan, these new drugs are not available maybe until some years later, Viagra being the notable exception. In the case of Viagra, it seems that within six months of its approval in the USA by the FDA, the Japaense Ministry of Health approved of its use in that country already, (because the old men in power there need it?)

Many years back, in the 80s, the scandal of HIV tainted Factor VIII in Japan was due to exactly the same kind of protection mechanism. Factor VIII is a product required for the treatment of Hemophiliac. Before the discovery of the method for inactivating the HIV virus, quite a number of Hemophiliacs became infected with that virus. In the mid 80s, the Americans learnt how to inactivate the HIV virus and the Americans produced Factor VIII became relatively safe. It was not allowed to be imported into Japan citing tests were required to prove its safety for use by the Japanese. Result? A large number of Japanese hemophiliacs became infected by that virus.

The result of these protectionistic measures might be good for the Japanese firms, but not good for the Japanese citizens and consumers.

This book by Ivan Hall is timely in illustrating how the intellectual world in Japan managed to protect itself from too much outside influence using the three professions: legal, journalism and academia, to illustrate that point. I am sure if Mr. Ivan Hall should decide to look into the medical world, the same situation applies.

gaijin, longnosed, ignorant smiling devil!.......2002-06-07

Hey, wake up and smell the coffee! Japan's academic
establishment is indeed an insular and hostile environment.
All foreign devils who intrude into this realm must be wary
for even if they are invited (by contract) they are invading
the inner sanctum of Nihonjinron nationalism and will be
looked upon as suspect or treated with not so subtle mockery
at every turn. In l994 the totalitarian bureaucrats in
the Ministry of Education (indoctrination and mind control)
fired all foreign professors, including those who presumed
that they had lifetime tenure. Contracts are meaningless.
Imagine the Federal government of the United States suddenly
firing all foreign educators because of 'budget considerations'.
There would be a firestorm of protest from the ACLU to the
Young Republicans Club. But in Japan no one raised even a
whimper of protest as the devil gaijin were shown the door!
Even those gaijin who had shown a humble attempt at social harmony and had mastered the Japanese language were fired.
Educators like Hall had a private audience with then US ambassador
Walter Mondale. They voiced their grievances. He made a mild
protest to the Japanese government and then the matter was
quietly forgotten!! Don't waste your time trying to build an
academic career in Japan. The educational authorities here will
play you along but in the end they'll screw you while howling
gleefully. I wish to God the American government had acted
in a similar fashion in l994 and retaliated by firing most
Japanese instructors in America, but such is not the American
way. Hell, we even train terrorist pilots how to fly jumbo jets.
In Japan, 'Uncle Sam' is often looked upon as 'Uncle Sap' and
America's emphasis on academic freedom and individual rights are
viewed with disgust or contempt. How do I know all of these
things? I am a former university instructor at Japan's most
elite private college, Waseda University. I well understand
Hall's lament on closed minds and intellectual cartels. I was
treated with only slightly veiled contempt by the 'honorable
sensei' at Waseda. Sadly, one
can only fear that Japan will slip into a nationalistic mood
once more, akin to that of the l930's with dire results for
all of Asia and the United States. No, not war. Just having to
endure these bores. More enlightened Japanese
academics are seeking teaching opportunities outside of Japan!
Hall has done a favor to any younger academic contemplating
a teaching career in Japan! Forget it! Stay home and go to
work in a bank.

Humble Enough to Learn the Language?.......2002-04-02

Like Karel Van Wolferen's the Enigma of Japanese Power, and more recently Alex Kerr's brilliant Dogs and Demons, Cartels of the Mind should be viewed not only for lessons in how foreigners can or cannot relate to Japan, but to understand how the Japanese people are being damaged by the subtle, yet brutal systematic mind control of Japan's Ministry of Education.
This is in response to the review that says:"Speaking of "closedness", there must be much more opportunities in Japan than now, only if any foreign people speak and write Japanese fluently. This must be a certain barrier, but it can be easily overcome if they are humble enough to learn Japanese language, the very essence of Japanese culture."
I have lived in Japan for ten years, am fluent in the language and must state that learning Japanese may have gained me a few half-hearted compliments, but far from being a road in, most foreigners are even discouraged from displaying their abilities. It has helped me in social situations and with academic pursuits, but it has never helped make inroads towards career advancement, or helped penetrate the obstacles that Mr. Hall discusses in his book. He's right on target!

Exposing Japan.......2002-03-24

It's hard to find fault in a book that speaks the truth so eloquently..and so courageously. Unfortunately, Japan doesn't have enough people of Ivan Hall's character - people willing to take a stand and raise awareness of what is really happening underneath the tatemae the Japanese have so carefully constructed. Gutless Americans are not a rare breed in Japan, and the fact that many have bought into the fact that the treatment of foreigners as "others" is just shou ga nai (a fact of life) continues to reinforce to the Japanese that there is something intuitively correct about Nihonjinron (the sense of the Japanese as being a special people by blood and the Japanese language a language only masterable by pure Japanese). And gutless American businessmen and longterm residents aren't the only ones to blame; Japanologists and Japanese academics in the U.S. sell-out in equally large numbers, their motives being that they don't want to risk hurting their Japanese colleagues' feelings or chance losing research money or grants. Spineless.

In Cartels, Ivan Hall puts his professional career and reputation on the line for a noble purpose. There is no doubt that he was aware of the negative publicity he would receive in Japan for exposing this deeply engrained social corruption, but his work is larger than him. It was written for all of the foreigners who have had enough of Japan's insular ideology. For those of us who pour our time, energy, and heart into Japan as residents and who deserve nothing less than acknowledgment and treatment as similar people. Ivan Hall hits the nail on the head when he exposes Japanese kokusaika (internationalization) as an attempt not to open its culture up to people of other cultures, but to instead emphasize differences and block access to Japanese culture. Learn English, speak English to people who appear to be Westerners, and you have achieved kokusaika. Allowing Westerners to move to Japan, learn Japanese fluently, and behave like us, though, is unthinkable. Hogwash.

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Cartels of the Mind: Japan's Intellectual Closed Shop
Hall, Ivan P.
Manufacturer: W.W. Norton
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover
ASIN: B000K7Y4S2

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Winning Isn’t Everything… In Fact, It Can Bankrupt You!

Even if a lawsuit brought against you is frivolous and you know you can win, the costs of mounting a defense, hiring lawyers, paying expert witnesses and taking time away from your business to deal with the lawsuit can grow to astronomical levels. A business law attorney, arbitrator and mediator for more than 30 years, Andrew Caffey exposes the secret to protecting yourself from the high cost of lawsuits (a secret most lawyers will never admit to)—it’s better to stay out of court!

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In the 1980s and 1990s the world of governance witnessed a far-reaching change from the Weberian model of bureaucracy to the 'new managerialism'-a term used to describe the group of ideas imported from business and mainly brought into government by management consultants. Over the past fifteen years, the British, French, and Canadian governments have spent growing sums of money on consulting services and, as a result, policy-makers inside the state have increasingly been exposed to the business management ideas that consultants bring into the public sector. Nevertheless, there are major differences in the extent to which reformers in the three countries embraced these ideas in the process of bureaucratic reform. Accordingly, this is a book about policy change and variation. It seeks to explain why the changes produced by the new managerialism have been more radical in some countries than in others. Building the New Managerialist State shows that the reception given by states to managerialist ideas depends on the openness of policy-making institutions to outside expert knowledge and on the organization, development, and social recognition of management consultancy.

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Not Just for Vegans

Approachable cookbook for students, vegetarians, everyone!

If you get only one vegan cookbook, get this one!

Useful cookbook with lots of good recipes!

One of the best cook book authors

Ecological Cooking: Recipes to Save the Planet
Joanne Stepaniak
Manufacturer: Book Publishing Company (TN)
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Book Description

Our food choices do affect the planet! Ecological cooking can be good for the environment (using foods low on the food chain), good for our sense fo well-being (placing ethics on the dinner table), and good for our bodies (a vegan diet reduces the risk of heart attack by 90%).

Customer Reviews:

Not Just for Vegans.......2002-10-27

I gave up being a vegan almost ten years ago, but I still keep this book around for a few excellent staple recipes--veggie burgers, sloppy joes, bread casserole. Its simplicity is a relief compared to the fifty-ingredient all-day projects presented in many modern vegan cookbooks, and many of the recipes are surprisingly good. The only thing wrong with this book is the terrible index.

Approachable cookbook for students, vegetarians, everyone!.......2001-12-31

I bought this book 7 years ago when I was first living on my own and learning to cook. Not only was I new to vegetarianism, but I was also new to cooking for myself. The recipes are easy to make (fool-proof, really) and most of the recipes draw from the same group of ingredients. Once you have most of the recommended pantry items on hand, you can whip up just about anything. The ingredient dictionary is terrific for new vegetarians; I otherwise may have never found out what "seitan" and "tamari" are! I really can't recommend this book enough!!!

If you get only one vegan cookbook, get this one!.......2000-07-17

This is the cookbook I recommend to people getting started with vegan cooking. As well as a huge range of recipes, Stepaniak and Hecker give a guide to setting up the vegan kitchen, and oodles of inspiring quotes on vegan ethics. Most of the recipes use "normal" ingredients; less familiar ingredients are explained in a glossary. While I will admit I didn't like every single recipe here, most of them are tasty, filling, and have become a regular part of our family's repertoire. I particularly like Basic Muffins, Teriyaki Salad, Indonesian Rice Salad, and Spicy Vegetable Bean Stew.

Useful cookbook with lots of good recipes!.......1999-12-15

This cookbook is very useful, as not only does it have many great recipes, it includes information about the environment and how to live more in tune with the earth. Also included is information about feeding your animal friends. There are some recipes that aren't terribly exciting, and a few that I didn't like at all, such as Indian Cabbage and Peas and the Millet Stew. But overall, this is a great cookbook. there are tons of recipes (included in this book are OVER 500 recipes!) that ARE good, especially the Banana Nut Bread recipe, and the Brown Rice and Tofu Stir-Fry. There are some very imaginative dishes, like the Greek Rice Special, that were pleasantly surprising to me. My only complaints are the lack of nutrional analyses, and some recipes call for margarine. I just substitute Spectrum Spread with great results.

One of the best cook book authors.......1998-04-18

I highy recommend any cookbook by Joanne Stepaniak. The books not only have delicious, easy to prepare recipes, but also contain a wealth of knowledge for those just getting started in plant-based food preparation. Try this and any other book by Joanne and you will not be disappointed. Cooking without animal products have never been easier and more rewarding.

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A must read for professionals

Great!

Professionalism is for Everyone

Professionalism is for Everyone : Five Keys to Being a True Professional (Keep It Simple for Success)
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Manufacturer: Goals Institute
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Binding: Paperback

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A concise reference and guide that will help anyone in their personal and career growth. Professionalism really is for everyone and in five key areas this book provides examples and describes how individuals can set themselves apart from the crowd and benefit from being true professionals. Includes the Ten Commandments of Professionalism.

Customer Reviews:

A must read for professionals.......2007-10-17

I needed this book for a training I was going to be doing through my work. Not only did the book arrive quickly, it was an easy read so I was able to get through the book quickly to learn what I needed for the training. Very useful and informative.

Great!.......2007-01-15

Everything was just as promised. The book was in great shape and I got it a day earlier than I expected.

Professionalism is for Everyone.......2006-03-30

A concise, useable reference for "How-Tos". Easy to read and use.

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Best introduction to charting on the market.

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Great book for the basics.......2007-08-24

Wanted to know how to do some basic analysis on stocks, and this book was great. I reviewed several other books that went into exurtiating detail, which is not what I wanted. After reading this book, I can now quickly identify trend lines, bullish patterns and bear-ish patterns.
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Stikky Stock Charts - A MUST for first time forex starters.......2007-06-27

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ONE OF THE BEST INTRODUCTION TO CHARTING........2007-05-22

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Taxation Without Representation in Contemporary Rural China.(Book Review): An article from: Journal of East Asian Studies

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Taxation Without Representation in Contemporary Rural China.(Book Review): An article from: Journal of East Asian Studies
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Manufacturer: Lynne Rienner Publishers
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Binding: Digital

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This digital document is an article from Journal of East Asian Studies, published by Lynne Rienner Publishers on May 1, 2004. The length of the article is 823 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Title: Taxation Without Representation in Contemporary Rural China.(Book Review)
Author: R. Bin Wong
Publication: Journal of East Asian Studies (Refereed)
Date: May 1, 2004
Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers
Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Page: 329(3)

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Taxation Without Representation in Contemporary Rural China.(Book Review): An article from: Journal of International Affairs

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Taxation Without Representation in Contemporary Rural China.(Book Review): An article from: Journal of International Affairs
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Manufacturer: Columbia University School of International Public Affairs
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General | Politics | Nonfiction | Subjects | Books

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This digital document is an article from Journal of International Affairs, published by Columbia University School of International Public Affairs on September 22, 2003. The length of the article is 1552 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Taxation Without Representation in Contemporary Rural China.(Book Review)
Author: Ashley Esarey
Publication: Journal of International Affairs (Refereed)
Date: September 22, 2003
Publisher: Columbia University School of International Public Affairs
Volume: 57 Issue: 1 Page: 253(4)

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Title: Taxation without Representation in Contemporary Rural China.(Book Review)
Author: Elisabeth Koll
Publication: Pacific Affairs (Magazine/Journal)
Date: March 22, 2005
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 78 Issue: 1 Page: 123(2)

Article Type: Book Review

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